An Importance Of Military Communication - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1949 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2019/05/18 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? The American Civil War was the war fought between the Union (North) and the Confederacy (South) within the United States. The war erupted after years worth of conflicts between the two sides. Eventually, the Union was able to take the victory home, which ultimately united both sides. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "An Importance Of Military Communication" essay for you Create order If the South would have taken the victory, it would have been two distinct sides. The victory of the Civil War has been accredited to the skill of the commanders, the fighting qualities of troops, and resources in men and material, when in truth, it was all thanks to much more than that, such as the militarys intelligence and communication networks. The use of communication in the military was essential for the victory of the Civil War. Although many people may believe that the Union won due to the North having larger and many more companies and factories, larger cities, and a better economy than the South, nevertheless the Union attained the victory due to their communication networks within the military because they gained insight into the other sides locations and etc., looked at tactics they were using and were able to advance. The use of communication in the military was essential to the victory of the war for the North. Whether if it was through the form of letters, spies, an etc. Due to the fact that the main source of communication during the civil war was through letters, people had to advance so that others for whom the letters werent intended for, wouldnt be able to identify the content of what was being said. Many of the times, letters were intercepted, and the information was leaked, which affected either the Union or the Confederacy. Letters evolved over time, using ciphers to uncover the true motive of the letter. Military communication was a prominent aspect to the victory of the Civil War. If the military had no type of communication, they wouldnt have been able to gain insight, know when they were overpowered, and other information that was essentially a necessity. Communication between the military and others was a necessity because they needed to know information, because they could not just go in blindly, they needed to know that they were doing the correct thing. For instance, the Battle at Gettysburg, was not a mere collision of the two armies, the Confederates were going in blindly, but not the Union. The Union had marched 150 miles knowing that they would be there, because of the soldier-spies, that had reported back to them. The Union had spies that communicated back to them, fourteen locally organized groups of spies, had granted the Union the information necessary for the victory at the Battle of Gettysburg. According to the primary source, Sherman, William Tecumseh (1820-1891) to Colonel Robert Crooke Wood, the historical context is that it describes the armies preparedness, during the time of the Battle at Vicksburg. Furthermore, the importance of this document is that it demonstrates how with the communication they held bet ween each other, they were able to continue the war because they had knowledge of what was occurring and if they were ready at the moment. The intended audience is Colonel Robert Crooke Wood and the purpose is to inform the Colonel of his army being well supplied with surgeons, medicines, medical supplies and hospital accommodations. It is a piece of letter that informs about the soldiers battling at the Vicksburg and how he was worried because many of the population had been wounded. The perspective is from William Tecumseh Sherman, who commands an army, and this is important because it is a form of communication, in which was effective because they informed each other whether they were prepared to go to battle. This piece of evidence demonstrates how a method of communication within the military was through letters, which was very so effective because they were able to communicate important information such as being prepared to continue going into war. Based on the primary source, Knox, William (1756-1795) Knoxs army diary (incomplete), the historical context is that it is on information about military tactics around the Battle of Germantown. It mentions movements of the army and important events that had occurred. Additionally, the importance of this document is that it represents how the army was doing in terms of ground they covered, materials they were in need of, things they had encountered that was information that could benefit them. The intended audience is that due to it being a diary, it was either for himself or for future references, if anything ever happened to him, or if he had to make reports to someone higher in power or status. The purpose was to record the movements of the army around Philadelphia in September and October 1777. The perspective was from William Knox who was a military officer of the Continental Army and later the U.S. Army, who also served as the 1st United States Secretary of War from 1789 to 1794. It is important because it records important information that was helpful for others in the military, like when it states on September 19, Intelligence recd. of the enemys pushing for Philadelphia the army crossd the Schylkill. According to a primary source, Knox, Henry (1750-1806) to Nicholas Eveleigh, it is another primitive example of how military communication helped the Union be at a stage of benefit. The historical context is that is notes important events that relate to that of war. For instance, it mentions how ships loaded with arms had arrived from France and that Lord Cornwallis nearly captured General Benjamin Lincoln. Moreover, the context is that it informs the intended audience of prominent information such as the shipment of materials that were needed for the continuation of the war. The intended audience was Nicholas Eveleigh, who was an American planter and political leader who was a delegate to the Continental Congress for South Carolina in 1781 and 1782. The purpose is to inform of important details regarding the war and possible information that would help in the future of the war. The perspective is from Henry Knox, the secretary of War and it is important because it lists reports that were prominent to the continuation of the war, such as war materials arriving. If they hadnt received insight on the arrival of the materials, they wouldnt have known, when to continue and when to go pick up the latest arrival. Military communication was also used to let others know of plans that had went through, whether they were struggling or etc. According to a primary source named, Schuyler, Philip John (1733-1804) to James Duane, it demonstrates how the military communicated hardships or celebrations. In addition, the source is a piece of evidence that altered the war because many of those fighting the war, communicated about their losses and victories, in order to tell them details about how the other side was doing and the locations of where they were last at.The historical context is that it goes into great detail of the battle fought in New York, where they had to take the defeat due to them being overwhelmed. It states, abandon the fortress on York Island because the enemys strength was overwhelming. The intended audience is James Duane, a political leader throughout the war. The purpose is to inform the and give a response to James in terms of military actions that were taken and should be taken. It also informs of insight in terms of counties wanting to break away from New York and etc. The perspective is from Philip John Schuyler, a general in the American Revolution, and a United States senator from New York. This is important because it is a letter with intelligence that would benefit the Union, if they had received such important information. According to a primary source, Knox, Henry (1750-1806) to Lucy Knox, it demonstrates how even within family, military information was passed. The historical context is that it reports little activities since the retreat in the Battle of Long Island. It discusses military activities and the effects of such movements. The intended audience is Lucy Knox, the wife of Henry Know, I believe. The purpose is to inform her of important information such as military movements and life. Albeit, the information may seem to broad, in terms of its relation to the topic, the context of the letter was prominent because anyone who might intercept the letter would just see that there is communication between family, therefore, they would not care much of what the information could have potentially said. The perspective is from Henry Knox, a military officer of the Continental Army and later the United States Army, who also served as the 1st United States Secretary of War. It is important because they oftentimes speculated of military activities that would occur later on, due to the information they had received. They informed one another of details regarding the military and etc. Military communication was more like military intelligence because it helped the military advance and know certain information, such as locations, names of certain people, the events of the current situation and more. According to a secondary source, Military Intelligence During Americas Civil War,it mentioned how a major part of intelligence used during the Civil War was through the following source: spies, scouts, cavalry reconnaissance, captured documents, mail, newspapers, interrogation of enemy prisoners, deserters, refugees, contrabands (fugitive slaves) ordinary civilians, balloonists and signal corps stations of observation. According to a secondary source, Lincoln in the Telegraph Office: Recollections of the United States Military Telegraph Corps during the Civil War, it mentions how essential communication in the military actually was. It discusses how the electric telegraph maintained speedy communication between Washington and armies in distant fields. By the ending of the war, the Union had strung over fifteen hundred miles of military telegraph line, whereas the Confederacy had only about a thousand. It was estimated that 6,500,00 Union messages passed over the wires during the war at a cost of about 40 cents per message. Ciphers were also very commonly used. The service arbitrarily assigned significance to certain words, or arranged words in a false position, throwing in meaningless words to confuse certain readers. According to a secondary source, The secret War for the Union: The Untold Story of Military Intelligence in the Civil War, it mentions how the success was due to the militarys communication. It states, for example, the standard depiction of the Battle of Gettysburg as the accidental collision of two armies marching half blindly is found to be true only for the Confederates. Their 150-mile march from the Rappahannock River to Pennsylvania was penetrated by soldier-spies whose findings enabled the pursuing Federals to cross the Potomac simultaneously with the main body of the invaders, and unbeknown to them. The Confederates assumed dangerously dispersed positions across South-Central Pennsylvania, their movements reported by fourteen locally organized groups of citizen-spies and scouts. In conclusion, the communication within the military was essential to the victory of the Union. Without the military communication, the Union would have been unable to win against the Confederates. Although many historians may believe that the Union was able to take the victory to the South due to its tactics or a better sustained economy, nevertheless, the Union was able to become victorious due to the communication networks in the military because they were able to gain insight, they were able to learn certain tactics from the other team, being able to know the location from the other side and etc. Communication network was an aspect of the Civil War that was essentially the victory of the war, due to the reaps of benefits, such as the importance of information.

Essay about A Closer Look at Sociological Theories

Culture refers to spiritual, intellectual and aesthetic development of an individual, group or society. It captures a variety of products and activities that determine and define the way of life of a people. Cultural theories are thus tools that give understanding to values, codes, norms discourses, ideologies and pathologies. Theory offers a model of influence through which culture exerts on social life and social structures. Theories play a role in the provision of stability, opportunity and solidarity or as in this article means to understand and resolve conflict (Burton et al.). This writing focuses on sociological theories in the cultural setting of Jena in Louisiana (A Town in Turmoil). Social Conflict Theory Social conflict theory†¦show more content†¦Instead, it looks at a community as a parasitic relationship where what benefits one party hurts the other. The arrest of the six students and their being arraigned in court seems to work for the white student community as the black society pays dearly with the loss of education and scholarships. On the contrary, the forceful retaliation from the black students is reported to cause physical injury. The point in this theory is that patterns are created which don not always favor all parties. In this highly charged and racial Louisiana community represented by the students in Jena, the conflict between the dominant and the disadvantaged remains persistent. The black community as described in this article is a targeted by the systems and structure and how they operate and thus disadvantaged. The white community through the administration of the school, the judiciary and the office of the district attorney continue to flex their muscle and to protect their privileges while the black community fight back to gain their position. The other element described in the social conflict theory is the avenue in solving the problem. Education seems to bridge the gap of inequalities. Those who take advantage of education find themselves in high positions of influence. In the Louisiana community, it appears the white have dominated. The remarks of Billy aShow MoreRelatedSociological Imagination Summary1307 Words   |  6 PagesAns: In the book â€Å"The Sociological Imagination†, the author C. Wright Mills begins by describing the perilous situation of the American man during the 1950s. He describes they situation as one of internment and frailty. Mills sees men as restricted by the routines of their daily lives. They go to their jobs and become workers, they go home and are family men. The American men of the 1950s were in a state of powerlessness due to the effects of World War Two and the looming threat of nuclear warfareRead MoreA Sociological Study Of Religion1159 Words   |  5 PagesReligion is one of th e most difficult topics in life, not to mention the oldest. People look for the ultimate truth to religion, which in my opinion leads to misguidance and a slant of science. I think this helps true believers find their way to a faith; it certainly helped me. Science does get carried away at times; however, it is good that people are questioning stories from the bible because then we can see how corrupt the world is. Why can t faith exist? Why does everything have to be blackRead MoreSociology in Everyday Life Essay911 Words   |  4 Pages Sociology studies the interactions with all of these and shows how mere interaction resulted in things like ideas and institutions.    Everyday that you wake up and come into contact with what you do and the people you speak to is sociological. You wake up and interact with objects. Some of these objects you see yourself in such as your clothes, and your music, would be called the sociology of identification. If you live with your parents and siblings, you wake up and interact with themRead MoreGoffman s Functionalist Sociological Approach1469 Words   |  6 PagesSociological approaches are â€Å"systematic, sceptical and critical study of the social. It studies the way people do things together†. (Macionis and Plummer 2012) It also â€Å"goes beyond everyday common sense by using systematic methods of empirical observation and theories† (Boundless [online] 2015). I will be using Goffman’s functionalist sociological approach of Dramaturgy to understand human life and to analyse my first few weeks of university. Goffman’s sociology is â€Å"concerned with everyday lifeRead M oreSociological Imagination1391 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior; yet looking deeper, it is the study of humans in groups and how they interact with one another. Sociologists look at these groups by means of the sociological perspective. This involves looking at a certain behavior like it has never been looked at it before. When done right one can come to a deeper level of understanding about behavior. Using your sociological imagination you are able conceptualize how a persons macro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such asRead MoreContemporary Mainstream Approaches : Neo Realism And Neo Liberalism1527 Words   |  7 Pagesmainstream approaches (neo-realism and neo-liberalism) In the previous chapters, we’ve taken a broad glance of Realism and Liberalism; in this chapter we take a look at the modern version of these political theories and their respective differences. Although Realism and Neo-realism are close in name, they aren’t that close in ideologies. Both theories differ on their definitions of power and anarchy along with their respective model structures of the international system. Two neo-realist branches studyRead More Symbolic Interactionism Essay1381 Words   |  6 Pagesbehavior; yet looking deeper, it is the study of humans in groups and how they interact with one another. Sociologists look at these groups by means of the sociological perspective. This involves looking at a certain behavior like it has never been looked at it before. When done right one can come to a deeper level of understanding about behavior.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Using your sociological imagination you are able conceptualize how a person’s macro level, which consists of the larger aspects of life such asRead MoreThe Iron Cage By Sociologist Max Weber952 Words   |  4 Pagesmodern day society? If your answer is yes to any of the two questions above, then you are experiencing and living what is known today as the â€Å"Iron Cage†. The â€Å"Iron Cage† refers to a very simple, yet complex theory developed by sociologist Max Weber. In his theory which addresses a sociological problem regarding standards of living; Dr. Alana Bibeau further deliberated on how Weber argues, that an individual’s life is being transformed not only by the ideas of efficiency, but shaped by the increasingRead MoreSociological Theories on Religion2049 Words   |  9 PagesSociological Theories Perspectives on Religion Christopher J. Reed Sociology 101 Mr. Nguyen March 14, 2011 Sociological Theories Perspectives on Religion When it comes to the social institution of religion, the three major sociological theories differ in a majority of ways. All three have their own way of how they perceive religion functions in society. The purpose of this paper is to show the impact each theory has had on religion as well as the people inside the institution itself. ReligionRead MoreSymbolic Interactionist Perspective In Sociology1543 Words   |  7 Pagesperspectives are formed. (Contributors at CliffsNotes, 2016) A theoretical perspective, a set of assumptions about reality that demise the questions we ask and support the answers we seek. These perspectives work as sociologist’s lenses in which they look through; they can either clear up or distort the â€Å"image.† Sociologists employ three primary theoretical perspectives: the symbolic interactionist perspective, the functionalist perspective, and the conflict perspective. (Crossman, 2017) Symbolic

American History Study Guide Ch. 15-18 Free Essays

Chapter 15 Elizabeth Cady Stanton: One of the most prominent leaders of the 19th century and leading figure of the early woman’s body; social activist/abolitionist Opposed the 14th and 15th amendment because it did nothing to enfranchise women Leader of the National Suffrage Association Crop-lien/Sharecropping: Growing of cotton and pledge a part of the crop as collateral Sharecropping: initially arose as a compromise between blacks’ desire for land and planters’ demand for labor discipline System allowed each black family to rent a part of a plantation with the crop divided between worker and owner at the end of the year Guaranteed the planters a stable resident labor force Black Codes: Laws passed by the new southern governments that attempted to regulate the lives of the former slaves Granted blacks certain rights: legalized marriage, ownership of property, and limited access to courts Denied them rights to testify against whites, serve on juries or in state militias, or to vote Declared that those who failed to sign yearly labor contracts could be arrested and hired out to white landowners Thaddeus Stevens: Radical who represented Pennsylvania in the House of Representatives Wanted to confiscate the land of disloyal planters and divide it among former slaves and northern migrants to the South; plan proved to be too radical Hiram Revels: Mississippi representative for the U. S. Senate during Reconstruction Served as chaplain in the wartime Union army and became the first black senator in American history Enforcement Acts of 1870-1871: Outlawed terrorist societies and allowed the president to use the army against them Continued the expansion of national authority during Reconstruction. We will write a custom essay sample on American History Study Guide Ch. 15-18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Defined crimes that aimed to deprive citizens of the civil and political rights as federal offenses rather than violations of state law Klan eventually went out of existence U. S. v Cruikshank overthrew the Enforcement Acts U. S. v Cruikshank: Ruled that the due process and equal protection clauses applied only to state action and not to actions of individuals Case that gutted the Enforcement Acts by throwing out convictions of some of those responsible for the Colfax Massacre of 1873 Election of 1876/Bargain of 1877: Republican nominee: Rutherford B. Hayes Democratic nominee: Samuel J. Tilden Election so close that whoever captured SC, FL, or LA would win Bargain: Congress appointed a 15-member electoral commission Members decided Hayes carried the disputed southern states, and therefore, won Reconstruction Act of 1867: Temporarily divided the South into 5 military districts and called for the creation of new state governments, with black men given the right to vote Passed by Congress over Johnson’s veto Chapter 16 Railroad Strike of 1877: ka Great Railroad Strike: first national labor walkout When workers protested a pay cut that paralyzed rail traffic, militia units tried to force them back to work The strike revealed a strong sense of solidarity among workers and close ties b/w the Republican party and the new class of industrialists Aftermath: government constructed armories to ensure troops would be in hand in the event of labor difficulties Henry George, Progress and Poverty: Influen tial writer on social issues during the Gilded Age He identified the monopolization of land as the cause of social inequality Progress and Poverty: offered a critique of the expansion of poverty amid material abundance Book proposing more optimistic remedies for the unequal distribution of health His solution: â€Å"single tax†which would replace other taxes with a levy on increases in the value of real estate; it would be so high that it would prevent speculation in both urban and rural land George rejected the traditional equation of liberty with ownership of land; saw government as a â€Å"repressive power† Sherman Ant-Trust Act: Banned combinations and practices that restrained free trade; impossible to enforce Helped to establish the precedent that the national government could regulate the economy to promoted the public good Lochner v New York/Liberty of Contract Ideal: Supreme court voided a state law establishing ten hours per day or sixty per week as the maximum hours for bakers Battle at Wounded Knee: Soldiers opened fire on Ghost Dancers encamped near Wounded Knee Creek, killing b/w 150 and 200 Indians Marked the end of four centuries of armed conflict b/w the continent’s native population and European settlers and their descendants Andrew Carnegie: Established a â€Å"vertically integrated† steel company – one that controlled every phase of the business from raw materials to transportation, manufacturing, and distribution. Dominated steel industry Knights of Labor: First group to try to organize unskilled workers as skilled, women alongside men, and blacks as well as whites Wanted to end the use of public and private police forces and court injunctions against strikes and labor organizations Thomas A. Edison: Era’s greatest inventor; Invented the phonograph, light bulb, motion picture, and a system for generating and distributing electric power Opened first electric generating station U. S. Steel Company: Founded in 1901; maintained labor policies held by Andrew Carnegie – lower wages and opposition to unionization Chapter 17 Omaha Platform, 1892: Party program adopted at the formative convention of the Populist Party Represents the merger of the agrarian concerns of the Farmers’ Alliance with the free-currency monetarism of the Greenback Party while explicitly endorsing the goals of the largely urban Knights of Labor. Tom Watson: Georgia’s leading Populist who worked the hardest to forge a black-white alliance Made vicious speeches whipping up prejudice against blacks, Jews, and Catholics Kansas Exodus: Some blacks sought a way out through emigration from the South 40, 000 to 60, 000 African Americans migrated to Kansas seeking political equality, freedom from violence, access to education, and economic opportunity Exodus derived from biblical account of Jews escaping slavery in Egypt Ida B. Wells: Nation’s leading antilynching crusader; insisted that given the conditions of southern blacks, the US had no right to call itself the â€Å"land of the free† â€Å"New Immigrants†: 3. 5 million newcomers seeking jobs in the industrial centers of the North and Midwest Described by native-born Americans as members of distinct â€Å"races†, whose lower level of civilization explained everything from their willingness to work for substandard wages to their supposed inborn tendency toward criminal behavior â€Å"Business Unionism†: Women’s Christian Temperance Union: Largest female organization; comprehensive program of economic and political reform including the right to vote â€Å"must abandon the idea that weakness and dependence were their nature and join assertively in movements to change society† Frances Willard: President Election of 1896: Republicans met the silverite challenge insisting that gold was the only â€Å"honest† currency Republican nominee: William McKinley Sometimes called the first modern presidential campaign because of the amount of money spent Democrats and Populists supported: William Jennings Bryan McKinley was the winner Platt Amendment: Drafted by Senator Platt of Connecticut Authorized the US to intervene militarily whenever it saw fit; US also acquired a permanent lease on naval stations in Cuba Had to be approved before Cuba could recognize their independence Chapter 18 Muckraking: The use of journalistic skills to expose the underside of American life; Theodore Roosevelt came up with the term New Immigration: Began around 1890 and reached its peak during the Progressive Era People came from southern and eastern Europe; 13 million came to the US, the majority from Italy, Russia, and the Austro-Hungarian empire Fordism: Concentration on standardizing output and lowering prices Moving assembly line: car frames brought to workers on a continuously moving conveyor belt Fordism: economic system based on mass production and mass consumption Lawrence, Mass. , strike of 1912: When the state legislature enacted a 54 hour workweek, employers reduced the weekly take home pay of those who had been laboring longer hours Workers spontaneously went on strike and called IWW for assistance Children strikers left the city, and city officials ordered that no more children could leave Lawrence Samuel â€Å"Golden Rule†Jones: Gilded Age mayors who pioneered urban Progressivism Instituted 8 hour day and paid vacations at his factory that produced oil drilling equipment Founded night schools and free kindergartens, built new parks, and supported right of workers to unionize Jane Addams: Era’s most prominent female reformer Believed woman’s life should be governed by the â€Å"family claim† – the obligation to devote herself to parents, husband, and children Founder of the Hull House in 1889 – settlement house devoted to improving the lives of the immigrant poor John Muir: Organized the Sierra Club to help preserve forests from uncontrolled logging by timber companies and other intrusions of civilization Federal Trade Commission: Second expansion of national power in 1914 Established to investigate and prohibit â€Å"unfair†business activities such as price-fixing and monopolistic practices Welcomed by many business leaders as a means of restoring order to the economic marketplace and warding off more radical measure for curbing corporate power How to cite American History Study Guide Ch. 15-18, Essay examples

Workplace Policy And Procedure For Sustainability MacVille assignment

Question: What isthe meaning of sustainable practices and their importance in preserving the ecology. Answer: Introduction Concept of sustainable business practices has gained momentum in the last three decades though the concept can be traced back to the advent of the 20th Century. This is mainly because of the fallouts from irresponsible business practices and operations that were in defiance with the ecology and the environment. MacVille enterprise is located in Melbourne and was established in 2009. The mission of the company is to provide distinctive and compelling caf services that incorporate premium quality, fair trade coffee, other hot and cold food and beverages coupled with quick and friendly in house services. The aim of the business plan of the entity aims to promote it as one of the leading coffee retailers and caf within a span of five years. The report will analyse the operations of the company and analyse the use of resources with subsequent comparison of sustainable work practices (Aras and Crowther, 2008). The report also highlights the triple bottom line approach linked with environme nt, economy and socio-political factors. MacVille sustainability initiatives Within the coffee industry MacVille has developed the vision to be the leading retailer of coffee beverages and other hot and cold gourmets. Sustainability reporting helps organisations to evaluate their operations and to consider the ramifications such operations have on a diverse range of areas like the economy, environment and the society. Focus of sustainability report is also on illustrating organisational value and model for governance. Thus it may be stated that sustainability reporting provides a link between the strategy and its real life application with special emphasis on pledge for a worldwide sustainable economy (Baumgartner and Ebner, 2010). The same holds true for MacVille as well. At the time of its establishment the company had outlined strategic plan for developing the brand and to promote sustainable practices. Apart from the ambitious plan to expand the business to every state in Australia it was also planned to implement a number of eco-friendly measures for bol stering the sustainable practices that will make the operations concurrent with national standards. Again costs and benefits for the organisation also needs to be analysed so as to understand the impact of sustainability initiatives over a short and long term period (Aras and Crowther, 2009). The policies and practices as developed by the company have been examined by the business manager. Subsequently several discrepancies have been found prime among which is the use of resources. It has been observed that usage of resources in the head office and at the shops is not in congruence with the sustainable work practices exercised by the Sustainability team. The usage of water and electricity has been classified as low cost expenses as a result of which they have not received any special attention. However within the area of sustainability water and electricity uses have special role since they are considered basic elements within the modern society. The HVAC system of the entity has also come under scanner as a result of manual modus operandi. Other areas where improvements can be carried out include usage of glass, cardboards, paper, and plastic bags (Bebbington et al, 2014). It has also been evaluated that the old refrigeration system in the organisation has also hampered sustainable practices as they consume significant amount of energy. Other than water and electricity usage sustainability issues for MacVille revolve around the issues of sourcing the raw materials, waste management and prevention of pollution. It can be opined that the process of sustainable management is a continuous process. On a closer look it was observed that waste management process envisaged a recycling programme for all their stores and to launch a recycling test programme. However no such practices have taken place at the ground level. MacVille promotes itself as a zero footprint environmentally friendly company but there are scopes for improvement (Bebchuk et al, 2009). Aspect of waste management assumes a crucial role in sound operations and sustainable operations. The extent of workplace sustainability policy includes green office programme, green purchasing life cycle analyses, supply chain management and adhering to ISO 14001: Environmental management systems. On a closer look it was observed that an integrated approach to sustainabili ty was missing within the activities of MacVille. An integrated approach looks to combine environment, economy and the society and to develop strategies that addresses each of this three areas simultaneously or separately. Thus it may be stated that the sustainability initiatives being undertaken at MacVille needs further amendments and involve the stakeholders to be successful (Bos Brouwers, 2010). The existing policy and procedure being followed at MacVille are partly responsible for such ineffective sustainable policy being followed by the organisation. Best Practice Models There are numerous opinions about the link between sustainable practices and business operations. Concept of CSR and their subsequent application is still not adhered by numerous organisations since their only aim is on profit making. In a nutshell CSR approaches seek to empower an organisation to give back the benefits to the end users and the society in which it is operating (Gray, 2006). In other words concern of the entities should not only be on profit making but also include the environment and the society. Moreover there is a need for the companies to adhere to other pertinent stakeholders like the NGOS and right groups. The concept of CSR can be understood effectively by analysing the triple bottom line approach. As the name suggests, this approach looks to amalgamate the three facets of environment, economy and society for the holistic development (Kolk, 2008). The concept has been illustrated by the diagram below: From the above diagram it may be seen that social, economic and environemental plartforms are overlapping areas forming berable, sustanable and equitable spheres. When these spheres further coincide formation of sustanable practices are said to have dveloped successfully. Aim of the compsnies have transcended eco-efficiency policies to areas of resource production and products so as to maintain the rtiple bottom line appraoch. The triple bottom line methodology is effectively a reporitng tool that itself does not impact the environemtn or the people. However this approach can be implemnted so as to propel improvemnts and make a difference to the society (Hahn et al, 2010). For Macville, application of triple bottom line approach can mean procuring beans from farmers who grow coffe beans in an eco friendly manner. Moreover the companby can also ensure that the different workers are treated properly with due consideration on pay and wages. Again, adherence to triple bottom line approach for the company may also be in the practices of developing strategies that reduce carbon dioxide emissions by 10 % over the span of the next five years. Plans for cutting down wastages are also veritable strategies that can be incorporated within best practice models (Lee and Faff, 2009). Other areas for sustainable practice involve effective waste management strategies. This can include conventional as well as contemporary strategies. Some of the best practices include recycling programme that involves the processes of source separation, recycling and composting. Offering discount to customers who use reusable cups or mugs can also prove to be handy. Again options of usi ng bone china/ ceramic mugs and plates when dining in-store are also viable alternatives for reducing the impact on the environment and helping in achieving a clean and green planet (Linnenluecke and Griffiths, 2010). Sustainability and triple bottom line approach have received greater attention in the past decade owing to greater awareness among the consumer base. People, Planet and Profit are the focus of the firms when they are operating and the policies and objectives are responsible in shaping the way in activities are carried out by an organisation. Coffee has been dubbed as the second most tradable commodity after oil. This has led it to become one of the rapidly growing sectors and contributed to the overwhelming success for some of the coffee franchisees. Owing to the complexities involved in the supply chain of coffee production this industry has largely remained exclusive (Milne and Gray, 2013). In other words the farmers and cultivators of coffee have not been able to reap the profit that coffee franchisees enjoy. It has been observed that these farmers receive only 10 % of the retail price. With greater competition witnessed among coffee growers bulk of the coffee growers have been af fected by the volatility in the coffee industry. The increased demand for coffee consumption has also lead to practices of mono cropping and sun grown coffee. In view of the fact that most of the coffee producing regions in the earth are ecologically delicate there is a potential for significant damage to these areas. Coffee consumption in Australia has almost quadrupled over the last decade (Schaltegger et al, 2012). As per the report by WWF 37 of the 50 countries with highest rates of deforestation are also producers of coffee. Aim of MacVille needs to be on tying up with organisations like Fair Trade Foundation or Rainforest Alliance so that sustainability can be achieved. Fair Trade Foundation evaluates the ethical angle of coffee production whereas aim of Rainforest Alliance is on ensuring environmental issues. Shortfalls of current policies While the organisation strives to maintain sustainability on paper there is a little evidence of the same in actual scenario. There are definite shortfalls of the policies that are in place in MacVille. Presently the organisation does not have any definite code of conduct that has led to unsustainable and greater usage of resources and increased consumption of electricity. There is ample evidence of non adherence to standards that have necessitated inking of policies and code so as to maintain sustainability in the activities. It can be seen that for implementing and upholding sustainable policies there is a need to educate the different human capital of an organisation (Simnett et al, 2009). This can start from internal stakeholders like the directors, officers and employees to consumers as well as vendors and suppliers. In case of MacVille it can be opined that there is dearth of step undertaken by the authorities as a result of which the organisation has failed to discharge the ro les related to sustainability. Deficit in formulating policies of sustainability has also been reflected in the way MacVille treats the waste generated. The company does not have in place a concrete recycling programme and there is no facility for compositing. The decision to procure raw materials and coffee beans are often taken with the sole aim of profit generation (Kolk, 2008). The organisation can make better use of purchasing decision by entering into alliance with organisations like Fair Trade Foundation and Rainforest Alliance. Moreover the cups, plates and straws that are used by the various outlets of the company are non-biodegradable that has impacted the sustainable policies and procedures. The top leadership has to be more innovative while deciding on sustainable approaches so as to deliver the intended practices at the ground level. The managers and officers within the organisation have to be the front runner in devising and executing strategies that will act as a catalyst for other stakeholders to f ollow suit (Bos Brouwers, 2010). The report of expenses as provided in the case study highlights the areas of high cost that can be pruned for maintaining sustainability. It is also evident that the HVAC system presently in place are manually operated that can be replaced for minimising electric consumption and ensure sustainability. New Policy and Procedure The new policy and procedures that will be developed will encompass the different stakeholders like the employees, managers, suppliers and vendors. Tying up with local organic farmers is also a viable option for the entity. Sustainable practices can also be implemented by using compostable products like compostable and biodegradable cups, plates and straws. These products have become more affordable and available as a result of which these composite products can be used for maintaining sustainability (Baumgartner and Ebner, 2010). The increased use of resources has been one of the main concerns in adopting a sustainable policy and as such there have been inflated electricity bills affecting the companys financial resources as well as hampering sustainable policies. Plans and code of conducts need to be formulated that stipulates and directs every employee to use dual-flush capability toilets. Other policy formed will educate the employees to switch off lights and air conditioners in case the company stick to manual operating procedure. While choosing suppliers of coffee beans it has to be emphasised that the raw materials i.e. the coffee beans be procured from suppliers associated with Fair Trade Foundation or Rainforest Alliance. In order to decrease energy consumption limit of 10kW per person has to be implemented and subsequent awareness campaign within the organisation has to be carried out (Bos Brouwers, 2010). Personnel Requirements and implementation plan The personnel requirements section highlights who are the potential personnel that can be included in the sustainability drive and to bridge the gap in sustainable practices. Dealing with sustainability issues first need to be deplored by analysing the area within the entity where it applies. This means whether the entire organisation, one department or one site needs to be included in such programmes. Personnel requirements are also in the form of individuals within the organisation who has to implement and monitor sustainable practices as outlined above once they have been implemented (Schaltegger et al, 2012). It can be the Chief Executive Officer who takes the onus to drive new policies related with sustainable practices or departmental managers who will implement such policies in their specific department and report the same to the higher authorities. Employees have to be constantly imparted the value of sustainable practices for them to be motivated enough in engaging such healthy practices. Thus identifying the personal requirements for such initiatives have to be made primarily. It requires establishing proper communication channels with the prime stakeholders like the financial sector, employees, the different right groups, the customers, employees. It may be further opined that MacVille has to pay special attention on training and development so as to develop the key personnel associated with the plans of sustainability (Aras and Crowther , 2008). The implementation plan will also seek to assign deadlines within which specific training and targets have to be accomplished like increase waste recycling by 10% after the end of six months. Conclusion The above paper has identified the meaning of sustainable practices and their importance in preserving the ecology. The importance of sustainable practices is more applicable in the business of coffee since there is wide scale damage to the ecology while developing this particular beverage. The report has discussed the sustainable practices present within MacVille Enterprises. Based on the case study certain grey areas within this organisation related to sustainable practices have been identified. Best practice models within the industry have been ascertained and their efficacy in upholding sustauinable practices has been identified (Linnenluecke and Griffiths, 2010). Concept of Triple Bottom line Approach has also been discussed with special focus on MacVille Enterprises. The paper has summed up the whole process of the new drive of sustainable policies within the organisation by identifying the key personnel and illustrating the implementation plan and the continuous improvement. References: Aras, G., Crowther, D. (2008). Governance and sustainability: An investigation into the relationship between corporate governance and corporate sustainability.Management Decision,46(3), 433-448. Aras, G., Crowther, D. 2009. Corporate sustainability reporting: a study in disingenuity?.Journal of business ethics,87(1), 279-288. Baumgartner, R. J., Ebner, D. 2010. Corporate sustainability strategies: sustainability profiles and maturity levels.Sustainable Development,18(2), 76-89. Bebbington, J., Unerman, J. and O'Dwyer, B., 2014.Sustainability accounting and accountability. Routledge. Bebchuk, L., Cohen, A., Ferrell, A. 2009. What matters in corporate governance?.Review of Financial studies,22(2), 783-827. Bos Brouwers, H. E. J. 2010. Corporate sustainability and innovation in SMEs: evidence of themes and activities in practice.Business Strategy and the Environment,19(7), 417-435. Gray, R. (2006). Social, environmental and sustainability reporting and organisational value creation? Whose value? Whose creation?.Accounting, Auditing Accountability Journal,19(6), 793-819. Hahn, T., Figge, F., Pinkse, J., Preuss, L. 2010. Trade offs in corporate sustainability: you can't have your cake and eat it.Business Strategy and the Environment,19(4), 217-229. Kolk, A. (2008). Sustainability, accountability and corporate governance: exploring multinationals' reporting practices.Business Strategy and the Environment,17(1), 1-15. Lee, D. D., Faff, R. W. 2009. Corporate sustainability performance and idiosyncratic risk: A global perspective.Financial Review,44(2), 213-237. Linnenluecke, M. K., Griffiths, A. 2010. Corporate sustainability and organizational culture.Journal of world business,45(4), 357-366. Milne, M. J., Gray, R. 2013. W (h) ither ecology? The triple bottom line, the global reporting initiative, and corporate sustainability reporting.Journal of business ethics,118(1), 13-29. Schaltegger, S., Ldeke-Freund, F., Hansen, E. G. 2012. Business cases for sustainability: the role of business model innovation for corporate sustainability.International Journal of Innovation and Sustainable Development,6(2), 95-119. Simnett, R., Vanstraelen, A. and Chua, W.F., 2009. Assurance on sustainability reports: An international comparison.The accounting review,84(3), pp.937-967.

Shakespeare, William The Economy Of England During Shakespeares Time

Shakespeare, William: The Economy of England During Shakespeare's Time The Economy during William Shakespeare's Time England, during William Shakespeare's time was much different then it is today. There were no commercial buildings, cars, busses, offices, and factories back then. The economy was a lot different back then, the majority of the people lived in poverty, earning barely enough to survive. There were many causes for the poverty at that time, such as bad harvests, inflation, lack of jobs and a rise in population. While all these people were living in poverty, there was a small percentage of the population, which included big land owners, wealthy peasants and prosperous townsmen, who were able to make some money and become prosperous. It was a very diverse economic nation. Most of the people in England during Shakespeare's lived in rural areas. Most of these people involved in agriculture. There was a greater need for more people to be involved in agriculture back then, since they didn't have the modern farm equipment that we have today, which cuts down on the need for human labor. Everyone depended on the farmers for food. The majority of the people who farmed rented land to farm on from big land owners. The men would usually go out and farm while the women would stay home and work inside their house. Other people who lived in rural areas included craftsmen. When inflation struck (which made poverty worse) only the landowners who owned a lot of land made profit off renting their lands out to others to farm. The smaller landowners were losing out on money due to inflation, so a lot of the smaller landowners decided to enclose their land for pastures in order to raise sheep, which was more profitable then renting out their land to farmers. Since the smaller landowners stopped renting out their land, lots of farmers were put out of work and had to look for jobs in other places, most of them went to the cities looking for jobs. Because of the large number of sheep that were being raised in England, it's biggest export and industry was wool. There was around 10 million sheep being raised in England, which was about 4 times the population of England at that time. Most of the wool was processed into cloth at workers homes, most women spun and carded wool at home as an extra way of making income. The wool was sold to other countries in Europe so they could use it as raw material and make it into clothing and other things.(Singman 29) People who didn't live in rural areas lived in market towns which contained five hundred to five thousand people and others lived in big towns(only about eight percent of the population) with populations over five thousand people. Most of the people who lived in towns worked as craftsmen and tradesmen. Since there was almost no industry at that time, craftsmen and tradesmen were needed to make finished products such as furniture, clothes, and shoes. The most common of the craftsmen and tradesmen were shoemakers tailors, bakers, smiths, weavers, smiths and carpenters. Other jobs included going into servanthood, becoming a sailor ,becoming a soldier , and becoming a pedlar, whose job was to buy goods from one place and sell them elsewhere. The craftsmen and tradesmen would usually work in the upper part of their house and make the ground floor of their house the shop. An apprentice would work with a master craftsmen or tradesmen in order to learn a special skills. In exchange for the apprentices work the master would give him a place to stay and a small amount of money. Apprenticeships lasts around seven years, and after that the apprenticeship, the apprentice could go and try to start his own business. (Singman 30) The cost of clothing, furniture and other goods were expensive since they were handmade and not mass produced like today. People would try to make these goods last as long as possible. Some people made a living off buying old clothes and items, fixing them up and then resell them at markets.( Singman 34) People could sell their goods that they made or foods that they grew at markets.

What Sees All essays

What Sees All essays Thesis: In the novel The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald uses eyes symbolically. Essentially, there is one thing that helps you determine what you are doing. The process of flipping an image so fast from upside down to right side up is one mystery of the eyes. The eyes are what help most people through the day. Being able to see what someone is doing is a wonderful gift. Seeing love form and mold before your eyes or seeing a heart brake happen. In the novel The Great Gatsby F. Scott Fitzgerald uses eyes symbolically. F. Scott Fitzgerald uses the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckelberg as a symbol of God seeing everything that is going on. His eyes are above the grey land (27) looking over the town. Everywhere the characters go Doctor Eckelbergs persistend (stere)(28) is there. Doctor Eckelbergs eyes are watching Tom going to see Myrtle at the garage. He watches an affare happen before his eyes. Toward the end of the book the eyes are watching again when Tom and Myrtle get into their accident. God knows what (theyve) been doing(167) so he knew abou6t the affare all along but he was the only one seeing it happen. Doctor Eckelberg had just emerged...from the dissolving night(167) making him the only witness to the accident. He saw a love grow stronger when Tom took the fault for what happened to Myrtle. A man named owl eyes is another symbol of seeing something happen. He sees a wreck happening. The wreck was supposedly an accident, but right side up but violently shorn of one wheel (58) puts up an argument. Owl Eyes didnt even seem to care he just (washed) his hands of the whole matter (59). But he saw that someone else was driving the car. The accident must have not had an impact because they didnt notice (theyd) stopped(60). And finally the eyes of Nick are used throughout the book because he is telling the sto ...

Why Hanguns Must Be Outlawed ( Nan Desuka) Essay

Why Hanguns Must Be Outlawed ( Nan Desuka) - Essay Example Besides the appropriate premises for gun control, she articulates the ethical concerns for the free availability of weapons in America. Whether guns are the weapons of threat or the tools of comfort, is the issue about her deliberations. She uses the tool of pathos to seek sympathies for the people who are able to save their lives with the availability of the weapon in serious life-and-death situations. But the same technique is also employed to highlight the contrary view by elucidating how people lost their lives or injured seriously, for no fault of theirs with the gun, though legal. Thus her argument is comprehensive and it includes the logical, sentimental and ethical angels and it demonstrates how complicated the issues involved are. If gun control is compared to the heart, arguments are like the alternative beats of the same heart. She makes a mention of two slogans impacting the entire gamut of the issue: â€Å"Guns don’t kill people: criminals do† (Desuka n. p. ) and â€Å"Guns don’t kill people: people kill people.† (Desuka n. p.) On a closer scrutiny of the statements on the portals of the mind of an individual who hears them, she weighs the impact of the dilemma related to the choice between the two in the sentimental world of the hearer. The statement that criminals kill people indicates the use of pathos. It creates resentment in the heart of the hearer about the criminal with the malicious intentions of the weapon to commit heinous acts, including murder. In stating ‘people kill people’ she highlights a bigger story which is a truthful assertion. She channelizes the hatred towards a section of society, the criminals, to an issue of negligent attitude of free availability of guns to one and all. This hearty appeal is an expression through the rhetorical application of logos. Desuka shows awareness of the issue from all ends, and she knows the importance of man behind the production of guns and the man using the guns, for good or bad intentions. It is a peculiar situation of dual responsibility. It is like the scale of justice, in which both arms of the scale are important to strike the correct balance. Desuka employs logos by methodically tendering the fact which indicates how criminals alone do not indulge in killing persons with handguns. The number of the criminals who commit murders is low as compared rapists or robbers. The statistics would give the relevant information. â€Å"About 30% murders are committed by robbers or rapists. More than 60% of all murders are caused by guns and handguns are used in more than 70% of these.† The author argues like a sociologist, when she asserts that â€Å"majority of these crimes is committed by known assailants and they can said to be crimes of passion or accidents.†(Desuka, n. p.) This is a pointer to the lacuna in her arguments. Desuka’s basic premises have shortcomings that cannot be corrected. She is trying to offer so lutions to a hardcore secular issue, through flowery philosophical leap. Her argument is—â€Å"outlawing handguns will remove them from both the criminal and the non-criminal, thereby eliminating handguns as a cause of death, either intentional or accidental.†(Desuka, n.p.) A law may be perfect; in other words there is no dearth about perfect laws. The shortage is in the area of perfect human beings to implement the laws. What then, is the procedure to mold perfect human beings? Wise men have written millions of pages, but the possibility of the entire humankind turning perfect is remote, nay impossibility. So handguns will be there, and dominate the affairs of the society, as total enforcement of laws is not possible. And no force on earth can totally eliminate the manufacture and

The Neo-Realist Understanding of State Conflict Essay

The Neo-Realist Understanding of State Conflict - Essay Example The study will also take the effects of the Cold War, and making of new contracts at regional, continental and global levels, which have introduced new alliances and rivalries among the nation-states. The study is also interested in exploring the causes behind the establishment of new alliances and rivalries, and consequences of the same on the administrations and subjects of the first and third world countries. The paper will also be supported by the classical and realist approaches of international relations in order to elaborate the topic under analysis. Attributed to the contemporary era US theorist and political thinker Kenneth Waltz, neo-realism approach views the modern age of international relations at the age of the growth and development of independent states system at the international stage (Waltz, 1988, p.617). The perspective is of the opinion that after the emergence of several former Asian and African colonies as independent states during 1945-1965, nation-states have turned out to be the most effective and influential actors of international politics (Baldwin, 1993, pp.26-7). As a result, the balance of power is expected to be shifting from the imperialist states to the poor countries as well. Consequently, the recently emerged nation-states would play a vital role, according to the perspective, in respect of the formation of political policies and strategic schemes by keeping in view the interests of the downtrodden masses belonging to the third world countries. In addition, these nation-states will also embark upon the arduous task of maintaining peace and condemning violence had been being practiced by the powerful states since perhaps the known history of the world at large. It is, therefore, neorealist perspective appeared in order to replace the age-old Realism theory, in the light of which there would be conducted researches in respect of international relationships, and nature and scope of state conflicts from various international plat forms (Powell, 1994, p.318). The claim has partly been articulated by keeping in view the distress, destruction, and damages the previously-subjugated nation had undergone from the eighteenth century onward at the hands of western imperialism (Ihuegbu, 2002, p.22). Since the subjects belonging to these colonised countries have witnessed cruel suppressions and oppressions unjustly inflicted by the foreign invaders upon them, these former colonies of European states must contain the natural tendencies in respect of condemning and protesting of atrocities on the weak nations by the strong and powerful nations at large, which is sure lead to lead the world Fascism, by challenging the Marxist doctrine of equality and democracy (Reich, 1980, pp. 6-7). As a result, the presence of these oppressed nations as the member of international forums and platforms including the United Nations, NATO, NAM and several others, the world would never witness the incidences of exploitations of weak and po or nations by the big powers of the globe. However, the time has turned down the notion supporting the rise of nation-states as completely sovereign and independent ones in such a way that they could be in a position of making policies regarding their internal problems and external affairs without undergoing any pressure or threat from the external powers. Nevertheless, the idea of being set free from the cruel clutches of former masters appears to be just a wild goose chase for the third world.

Assessment Event Documentation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Assessment Event Documentation - Essay Example The event is titled â€Å"An Investor-Consumers Forum for a Cancer-free Abu Dhabi’’ and will be hosted in Zayeed cricket stadium in Abu Dhabi owing to its large parking area on the west and east side of the stadium and athletic lane. The event is supposed to portray Abu Dhabi especially, western region as an investment hub while increasing awareness about breast cancer by running for cancer awareness. The previous year’s occasion for Abu Dhabi Investor Consumers Forum/Exhibition drew in more than 500 investors both internationally and locally. The event was welcome by the stakeholders and the sponsors which included the Fairmont Hotel, and Abu Dhabi distribution company (ADDC). Marketing of the event was done as an exhibition for entrepreneurial abilities and a forum for networking professionals, businesspersons and consumers alike. The event yielded much income from the purchase of wares by attendees. We therefore extend our special invitation to Baynounah Institute to be exclusive sponsor of this year’s event that will include women marathon to increase cancer awareness. It will represent free investment workshop and women marathon for breast cancer awareness. This will come with additional rights to the sponsors like being included in the advertisements both print, oral and view as the main sponsor. It will also give Baynounah Institute a chance to strategically position its tent and get mentioned in by every usher during the event to any new visitor. We are already working on increasing our social media presence as a way of doing publicity of the event. We have also designed banners bearing this year’s theme together with a portion we are locating to the name of the sponsor. Once we get a confirmation of the sponsorship, we will just place the institute’s name and print them in bulk. The same also applies to the print and television advertisements, which we have set aside

Synopsis of the films plot

Synopsis of the films plot Synopsis of the films plot The story takes place in 1959 at Welton School in Vermont in the USA, an upper private preparatory school for boys who want to get into famous universities: the Ivy League. The fall term begins with a very traditional ceremony during which a new English Literature teacher, Mr. John Keating, former student at the institution, is introduced. With his unconventional teaching methods, he inspires the students to act as individuals. He encourages them to think for themselves. They have to find new points of view, to discover their own ways and feelings, and to Seize the day. The film focuses on the new teacher and on a group of his students: Neil Perry, Knox Overstreet, Charlie Dalton, Steven Meeks, Richard Cameron and Gerard Pitts, who have known each other for several years, and a new one, Todd Anderson. They decided to revive the Dead Poets Society but interpreted in their own way: a kind of literary club of which Mr Keating was a member. This movie is about what happens when these students decide to pursue their own desires, and to live life with the passion that Mr. Keating encouraged. Ultimately, it is about what happens when a few idealistic students find themselves confronted against conservative forces that resist all change, including the drive for personal self-determination. Overview of the characters Mr Keating A former student of Welton Academy, as a teacher,Mr Keating is the boys source of inspiration and encouragement. He makes poetry drip from [their] tongues like honey, using it as a medium to encourage his charges to strive for excellence and individuality. He also introduces his students to the phrase, Carpe diem, a Latin expression that translates as Seize the day. Mr Keatings teaching methodology is highly unconventional and conflicts with Weltons four pillars: Tradition, Honour, Discipline, and Excellence. He is dismissed from his position at the end of the film, charged with causing Neil Perry to commit suicide. Neil Perry Neil Perry is a confident and popular student who excels in his studies. He is well-liked by both his peers and teachers and is a natural leader. Inspired by his passionate English teacher, Mr Keating, he re-establishes the Dead Poets Society. This shows that he is prepared to challenge the schools authority. Neils aspirations to become an actor are snuffed by his controlling father who refuses to give Neil any choice about his future. As a result, Neil commits suicide at the end of the film. Todd Anderson Todd is a shy and introverted student who is new to Welton Academy. Todds older brother was a previous valedictorian of Welton and both the school and his parents clearly have high expectations of him. An obedient and studious young man, Todd tries hard to please his teachers but lacks confidence at the beginning of the film and this prevents him from reaching his potential. However, both Neil and Mr Keating support and encourage him and he consequently develops considerably as a character. At the end of the film, he is the first student to stand on his desk in support of Mr Keating. Knox Overstreet Though shy and academically focussed at the beginning of the film, Knox develops considerably as a result of his inchoate relationship with Chris. Romantic and idealistic, he pursues Chris relentlessly, applying Mr Keatings philosophies to his circumstance. By seizing the day and taking risks, he ultimately wins Chris, in spite of the fact that she is practically married to Chet Danberry, the son of a family friend. Knoxs character is evidence of the positive effect of Mr Keatings teachings. Charlie Dalton or Nuwanda Rebellious, recalcitrant and reckless, Charlie Dalton is the most extraverted and daring of Weltons students. He resists the authority of the school and is ultimately expelled for refusing to sign the document condemning Mr Keating. Attention-seeking and chauvinistic, he also invites two girls to the Dead Poets Society meetings. Though he admires and respects Mr Keating, he takes Keatings principles too far and takes several imprudent risks. Richard Cameron Cameron is an assiduous and ambitious student who conforms totally to both the schools and his parents expectations. Keen to succeed academically and win the favour of his teachers, he is very compliant and is prepared to betray his friends in order to further his own interests. Cameron is ultimately responsible for the dismissal of Mr Keating as he selfishly accuses Keating of encouraging Neil to commit suicide; he is complicit with the schools administrators. Steven Meeks Meeks is the most academically gifted of the boys and; this is certainly his reputation amongst his peers. Though studious and compliant, he is well-liked by the others and is a strong supporter of Mr Keating. Like others, he reluctantly joins the Dead Poets Society but ultimately embraces all that it stands for. Mr. Perry Mr Perry is Neils paternalistic and dominating father. He is determined that Neil will finish school at Welton and study medicine. To this end, he ensures that Neil is focussed and not distracted by unnecessary extra-curricular activities such as the school magazine. Neil rebels against this but unable to confront his father, ultimately decides that he is trapped. Mr Perrys refusal to support Neils acting aspirations ultimately lead to Neils death. Mr. Nolan He is the director of Welton School illustrating the four pillars of the institution â€Å"tradition, honour, discipline, excellence†. He is the opposite character of Mr Keating and represents the conformism of the high class society at this time. He assures to send his students in elitist colleges and possesses the complete trust of their parents. Gerard Pitts Pitts is an insignificant character but is part of the core group of boys who form the Dead Poets Society. Tall and lanky, he is socially awkward and somewhat withdrawn. Though he is introverted and does not seem to take risks, he rises from his seat at the end of the movie, demonstrating that he clearly respects Mr Keating. Different styles of Leadership 1. Charismatic leadership vs. Authoritarian leadership In this part, we are going to focus on two characters and their difference of personality and behaviours through their leadership styles: Mr Keating and Mr Nolan. Mr Keating: a charismatic leader Charisma is linked to a number of criteria that we will develop. During the entire movie, Mr Keating seems to be someone who pays much attention to the person he is talking to. Hes making that person (the students) feel free to be who they are and feel like the most important person in the world. Hes able to create a climate of intimacy which is linked to the trust. For example, during his first class, hes talking to the students as individuals. He wants to make them realize that they all have their own desires and he wants them to follow their own path. Mr Keating pays a great deal of attention in scanning and reading his environment, and is good at picking up the moods and concerns of both individuals and larger audiences. In this way, he knows how to answer to the students needs and to adapt himself to these others. A good example is when he teaches in class: he knows hes subject to a number of interrogations but he adapts his exercises to the concerns of the students. He also uses a wide range of methods to manage his image. He engenders trust through visible self-sacrifice and takes personal risks in the name of his beliefs. He shows great confidence in his followers (the students). He is very persuasive and makes very effective use of body language as well as verbal language. Mr Keating has a deliberate charisma in a theatrical sense: he makes effective use of storytelling, including the use of symbolism and metaphor. Especially when he talked about The Dead Poets Society for the first time, he described the world of poetry which is linked to passion and aim of life. In the same time, we have the impression that all along the movie he tries to build a group, his group of students, by making it very clear and distinct, separating it from the other classes. No other group has classes outside or on a football field. In this way, he is building the image of the group, in particular in the minds of his students, as being â€Å"different† to all others, so â€Å"superior† in a way. Also, he attached himself firmly to the identification of the group, such that to join the group is to become one with the leader. In doing so, he creates an unchallengeable position for himself. Furthermore, Mr Keating appears as a Charismatic Leader because he may not want to force anything. His beliefs are by themselves highly valuable. As we saw, Mr Keating tends to be a charismatic leader. A number of criteria are relevant to emphasize this theory as his vision, his sensitivity to the environment, to students need, his personal risk taking and his unconventional behaviour. Besides, according to Emily Spencer â€Å"charismatic leaders are the product of follower perceptions and attributions that are influenced by actual leader traits and behaviour, the context of the situation, and the individual and collective needs of the followers†, we will study later how Mr Keating influenced his students and answers to their fundamental needs. â€Å"A charismatic leader uses his personality and charms rather any form of external power or authority† this characterizes Mr Keatings behaviour compared to Mr Nolans one. He never forced the students to do anything and he encourages them to find their freedom. Also, charisma is linked to a unique vision, which we will develop below. Mr Keating has his own vision and uses unconventional ways to express it. But because of his confidence in his own beliefs, he thought they were infallible, he didnt think about the impact of his changes even when he received adequate warning from others. Although he meant well, it was the cause of a lot of problems. Mr Nolan: an authoritarian leader â€Å"A leader is a person whose charisma helps them to guide a group of people in a direction they believe is desirable. Someone with authority uses their power to guide a group of people in a direction they believe is desirable.† Mr Nolan is the director of the School. â€Å"Tradition, honour, discipline, excellence† is his key words and his power is based on it. He is from the aristocratic and traditional society; his role is to preserve the integrity of the school and to prepare his students to get into the high society and to be their new models. â€Å"If a person has the ability force a person to perform a certain act, or the ability to otherwise coerce them, than that person is an authoritarian†. Mr Nolan can be recognized by how he makes his decision. There is no discussion or the discussion begins with a foregone conclusion. Also, he guides the students with negative motivation that leave them in a bad position. They feel that they are the only ones who disagree and that is why they have to be exiled. Ultimately, this means that the only way to really oppose Mr Nolan was with the support of a sizable percentage of the group. Mr Nolan will speak of betrayal in this case. Mr Keating would not, as a disagreement is never a betrayal unless there is an expectation of being followed and obeyed. In comparison, Mr Keating guided students by the infectious nature of his vision. They wanted to follow him, but they were free not to. The relationship between Neil and his father Neils aspirations are to become an actor but they are snuffed by his controlling father who refuses to give Neil any choice about his future. Mr Perry is a paternalistic and dominating father. He is determined that Neil will finish school at Welton and study medicine. In this part, we are going to show that Neils character has a charismatic behaviour and his father an authoritarian one. Thus, we will try to establish a comparison between the Mr Keating and Mr Nolan relationship and the Neil and Mr Perry relationship. From the beginning, Neil appears as a bright student, he is engaged in a lot of activities within school and he is recognized as the leader of the group of students. But this character feels a deep contradiction between his own dreams and the ones his father has for him. He is going to fight again the morality of his parents following Mr Keating beliefs. We notice that Neil has a charismatic attitude towards the other students at the beginning of the movie â€Å"You say things and people listen†. He is the one who decided to re create the Dead Poets Society and used of his â€Å"power† to convince the other. He became more and more attracted to Keatings philosophy and acted as if it was a revelation for him. He is discovering a new state of mind through Keatings words and poetry and he is ready to listen to his feelings. The scene when Mr Perry enters in Neils room is quite relevant concerning the relationship between the two characters. Neil had decided to follow theater courses but he didnt advise his father. When Mr Perry find out, he orders his son to quit. At this instant, the illusions of Neil are falling apart and he cant express his feelings. He feels trapped and he acts as a child who did a mistake. Mr Perry uses the expression â€Å"absurd acting business† and refers to the deception he might have feel. He gives orders and Neil has no other choice than answering â€Å"Yes Sir† and crying. Mr Perry concludes with â€Å"You will not let me down†. We observe that the relationship is based on authority. The two characters are quite different: Mr Perry is cold, quiet and he hides his feelings and Neil is full of hopes and dreams with a deep emotional sensitivity. Mr Perry character refers to Mr Nolan one. He thinks that his way of thinking is the best for his son; he doesnt consider creativity, pleasure and feelings. Both characters express their power in the same way: they order, people have to follow. They dont let the opportunity to other to discuss and they are acting as if they were carrying the weight of the world on their shoulders. We also can say that this kind of character is complex because in away they are following their own beliefs, as Mr Keating does, and are convince its the right one. We have no doubts concerning the good intentions of Mr Perry to encourage his son to follow a medicine career. He thinks it is the best for his son to succeed. This kind of character has difficulty to â€Å"open up† the box and to extend the horizons. Two values can be differentiated concerning these characters that we will describe later: realism versus creativity. We also notice that after his conversation with his father, Neil goes to Keatings office to ask him for advice. Neil realized that the teacher always had a dream and that he is actually living for it. He expresses his feelings concerning his father â€Å"hes planning the rest of my life, he never asked me what I want†. Neil decides to not quit his role in the play and invites his friends and Mr Keating to watch him. Unfortunately, his father heard about it and comes to the theater. On stage, Neil talks to his father through the character he is playing and his last sentence in the play is â€Å"I have a dream†. The last interaction between Neil and his father takes place at home. Mr Perry is desolated, he accuses Neil to have defying him and to have run his life. At this time, we know that Mr Perry would never change his state of mind and will never allow his son to follow his own way. Mr Perrys refusal to support Neils acting aspirations ultimately lead to Neils death. Other personality and behavioural differences: the followers The movie is based on different characters and we will focus on this part on the evolution of the group of students through the leadership of others. Even if we saw that Neil for example was considered as a leader within the group, all the students are characterized as â€Å"followers† concerning or the leadership of Mr Keating or the authority power of Mr Nolan. The movie shows a lot of personality and behavioural differences concerning the characters. We can analyze the evolution of the characters in three times which correspond with the three classes of Mr Keating and we can focus especially on the influence of Mr Keating in their interactions. First of all, we have to remind that they all are part of the â€Å"tradition, honour, discipline, excellence† system. They grew up in this environment and their life has been predicted depending on these criteria. Their â€Å"model† is obviously Mr Nolan who is trusted by the entire community and also the teachers of the school. When Mr Keating introduced himself at the first class, they are all already prepared to receive a poetry class as they have been taught last years. Keating starts by asking them to open their book and to read the preface which sum up the poetry as a mathematical figure. Then he asked them to rip out the entire page. They are all shocked and dont know what to do because they know it goes against the system they are used to live in. Then, Keating asked them to get out of the class room and to look at the important figures of the school in the hall way. They are not either used to be taught outside of a class room. Most of them are wondering if its not a trap, no one is moving until one decides to do it. The rest follows. This attitude towards this new teacher is going to last during three classes. They dont dare to do something different, something which goes against their principles, to open up their perspectives and thats exactly what Keating tries to emphasize. But we notice that no one will directly be opposed to Keatings methods. They will all follow. They wait for someone to take the initiative, most of the time Neil. Someone who is recognized as their leader, they trust him. There is only one scene during the classes which shows that one student is opposed. At the third class, when Mr Keating asks his students to walk through the garden and to find their own way of walking, one student told Keating â€Å"you invite us to find our own freedom, Ive the freedom to not do it†.   But the others continue because they found their new leader, Mr Keating. Thus, we notice that the characters of the movie can be considered as a group: they are re creating the Dead Poet Society under Neils recommendation, they are united by a group, a secret society which they are all members of†¦ But in the same time, they are becoming less dependant on each other because they are all trying to find their own way. Their independence within the school is significant during the scene which shows two of them dancing on the sound of â€Å"Radio Free America† or when one of them declares â€Å"For the first time of my life, I know what I wanna do†. As we talked about in the characters description, all the students are differentiated by their own actions in the movie. At the beginning they are characterized by being students from the same school then they can be perceived as different individuals. Through Todd Anderson and Knox Overstreet characters, we can analyse the evolution of the characters. Todd Anderson is really shy and seems a bit younger than the others but he likes writing except that he doesnt have enough self confidence to do it. At the beginning, he is not able to stand up in front of the class and is always trying to hold Neil back from his desires. But at the end, he appears as the first one to show his opposition to Mr Nolan and to stand up on his table to show that he is grateful to Mr Keating. Knox Overstreet is a shy and academically focussed student at the beginning of the movie but influenced by Mr Keating he is going to listen to his feelings and to believe in himself. He will fall in love with a girl who is actually engaged and is decided to conquer her. Before kissing her for the fist time, he repeats to himself â€Å"carpe diem† and after telling his friends that he wrote her a poem, he says â€Å"She didnt say anything but at least I did it†. Besides, when the school is trying to accuse Mr Keating for being responsible for Neils death, we can note some different attitudes and behaviours. As we analysed before, their behaviours are linked to the notion of dependence or independence and its relevant to notice their different attitudes towards the institution at the end of the movie. All along the movie, these students formed a group. They have been influenced by Mr Keating, he was defined as their â€Å"mentor† and for some of them, their life changed considerably. As we saw, they were united by the Dead Poets Society and the beliefs of Mr Keating were ingraved in their mind. But at the end, under the pressure of Mr Nolan and their parents, they all betray their new principles and sign a paper which attests that Mr Keating had a bad influence on them and that he is the direct responsible of Neils death. Ironically, the only one who refuses it is Charlie Dalton, the only one who was opposed to Keatings exercise†¦ Their dependence to Welton academy is stronger that their dependence to Mr Keating and in this case, we can say that the Mr Nolans authoritarian model wins. The direct consequence on this is the break of their friendship. The group doesnt exist anymore because of the different attitudes they have towards Mr Keating or Mr Nolans influence. Different thematic 1. The power of a myth : a necessity to unit Welton Academy versus the Dead Poets Society Even if Welton School and the Dead Poets Society are perceived as two different â€Å"institutions† and are opposite by their beliefs; nevertheless they have a similarity: they both are based on strong values established a long time ago constituting a model for students. In this part, we will focus on the power of myths and we will establish a comparison between â€Å"tradition, honor, discipline, excellence† referring to Welton and â€Å"carpe diem† referring to the Dead Poets Society. Besides, we will see that in both cases, the myth is a necessity to unit. Welton Academy â€Å"tradition, honor, discipline, excellence† The story of the movie is set in Welton Academy in Vermont in 1959, a conservative and aristocratic preparatory school where education is understood to be a rigorous academic learning program combined with the shaping of the students characters according to explicitly traditionalist ideals. The movie begins with a processional march of the students into the main auditorium of the school, where teachers and parents are awaiting the address of Mr. Nolan, who inaugurates the new school year by reminding everyone of the high standards of the institution, and the schools high success rate in sending its graduates to Ivy League universities. Students carry banners on which are embroidered the four pillars of Weltons pedagogical program: Tradition, Honour, Discipline, and Excellence. The key to your success rests on our four pillars. These are the bywords of this school, and they will become the cornerstones of your lives. Most of the students at Welton are from respectable families; most are destined to follow in the footsteps of their fathers and become doctors, corporate lawyers, or bankers. Also it is really clear that Welton has a conservative spirit and is dedicated to give to the students its traditionalist way of thinking. The school represents tradition and the teaching methods are very established, which is opposed to the innovative and creative way of teaching of Mr Keating. Honor represents the renown that the school receives by placing a lot of students in elite universities. The institution is well known and prestigious; Mr Nolan has for role to maintain the reputation of the school and to keep high standards. He is only here to watch that the students are taught in a traditional way. Discipline means repression in Welton. Its goal is to establish a framework for the students by controlling them. In the movie, the respect of discipline is really important to insure uniform behaviour and the repression of the students individuality and creativity. Their personal desires cant exist without discipline. Welton has a lot of rules. Fist of all, the school is only for boys and girls are not allowed in the institution. The students have to wear a uniform and have to spend their free time to study. Some extra activities are planned but even being part of the redaction of the school newspaper is a lost of time for Neils father. The code is really strict and can be perceived as â€Å"old school† concerning the punishments. Concerning the â€Å"excellence†, it refers to not simply succeed in what you are doing but being the best and get the approbation of the institution. In the movie, we notice that it is more important to get good grades than understanding what the subject is about. The school is a preparatory school to get into prestigious universities and all parents are counting on Welton to make their child succeed. It doesnt matter how they are treated and if they are happy or not, they just have to be excellent and behave the way the institution is expected them to. As we saw in the movie, with Mr Keatings influence, most of them realize that they have desires but the school will not allow them to develop their instincts. The authority of Mr Nolan and the pressure of their parents emphasize the importance of academic studies to get a successful career and also to answer to their parents dreams. Also, they cant recognize excellence if it is out of the frame. Neil could be really good at acting but his father doesnt even take that into consideration. Welton is an institution based on a philosophy where tradition, honour, discipline and excellence are the key words. It is also a school where the self reflection, the personal development, the creativity, the non conformity†¦ are not recognized and not tolerated. Students nickname the school â€Å"Hellton†. Mr Nolan, model of authority and obedience, represents the traditionalism and the conservatism of Welton: an institution opposed to the individualism of Mr Keating and the Dead Poets Society philosophy. The Dead Poets Society â€Å"Carpe Diem† One day, Neil finds an old yearbook with Mr. Keating in it. After seeing that Mr. Keating listed Dead Poets Society as one of his activities, the boys ask Mr. Keating what this was. He replies that the Dead Poets Society was dedicated to taking â€Å"the meaning out of life†. To do so, the members would sit in an â€Å"old Indian cave† near a certain pond and in the enchantment of the moment . . . let poetry work its magic. When Knox has doubts about a bunch of guys just sitting around reading poetry, Keating claims that they were not just a Geek organization, that they were romantics, that they didnt just read poetry. Spirits soared, women swooned and gods were created, gentlemen† That evening, under Neils leadership, the boys reconvene the Dead Poets Society. Neil honors tradition by opening the new chapter of the society the way Keating and his classmates used to open it, by reading the passage from Henry David Thoreau. â€Å"I went to the woods because I wanted to live deliberately I wanted to live deep and suck out all the narrow of life To put to rout all that was not life And not when I had come to die Discover that I had not lived† This first meeting of the renewed society is a tremendous success. The boys really get into reading poetry, including the concluding lines from Tennysons Ulysses, which Neil reads and which, in the context of the movie as a special significance. â€Å"Come my friends, its not too late to seek a newer world† We can notice at this time that Neil is completely influenced by Mr Keating character and curious about The Dead Poets Society. When he starts reciting poetry, he seems to have discovered a new way of thinking, it is a revelation for him. The words that he pronounces have an echo in himself. The Dead Poets Society is also the link between the past and the present which makes the students think about their future. It is also a way for them to avoid their parents values that are really heavy: it gives them the opportunity to have a special time to avoid constraints which create a strong link between all of them. Now the group of students is united by this secret. This intimacy allows them to act on their own, they are using it as a way to know all the things which are forbidden inside the school. They are smoking, drinking, playing music or bringing girls. We can say that they are experimenting the pleasures of life which give a real sense for Keating and which represent the devil for Mr Nolan. Also, we observe that tradition, honor, discipline, and excellence are represented in having taken the initiative to reconvene the Dead Poets Society, despite the fact that the school would not look too favourably upon it. Furthermore, The Dead Poets Society which could represent a place of decadence for Welton Academy is illustrating the values that Mr Keating is believing in. It refers to one of the first sentence he pronounces in class â€Å"Life exists and identity†. We see all along the movie that the Dead Poets Society will take more and more importance in the students life and that it will become their creed. â€Å"I promise. The Dead Poets Society is my word† 2. Mr Keatings vision â€Å"Carpe Diem, seize the day† is the phrase that the movie is focusing on and is reflecting the vision of Mr Keating, an   English teacher who has just been hired, and who displays ideas and a spirit that deviate sharply from the established Welton practices and norms. Keating propagates an anti-authoritarian philosophy of life and he will soon profile himself as the provocative and inspiring educator of the students of whom he is in charge. During his very first class session Keating demonstrates that he is not just there to convey academic information, but also to show what students can do with such knowledge in their everyday lives. The first class session is, indeed, not so much a lesson in English literature, but a dramatic philosophical wake-up call. â€Å"Word and images can change the world† â€Å"The human race is filled with passion† Examining some poetry lines, Mr Keating interpolates his students Why does the poet write these lines?. He answers Because we are food for worms, la

Analysis of The Moose Essay -- Elizabeth Bishop The Moose Essays

Analysis of The Moose Elizabeth Bishop's "The Moose" is a narrative poem of 168 lines. Its twenty-eight six-line stanzas are not rigidly structured. Lines vary in length from four to eight syllables, but those of five or six syllables predominate. The pattern of stresses is lax enough almost to blur the distinction between verse and prose; the rhythm is that of a low-keyed speaking voice hovering over the descriptive details. The eyewitness account is meticulous and restrained. The poem concerns a bus traveling to Boston through the landscape and towns of New Brunswick. While driving through the woods, the bus stops because a moose has wandered onto the road. The appearance of the animal interrupts the peaceful hum of elderly passengers' voices. Their talk—resignedly revolving itself round such topics as recurrent human failure, sickness, and death—is silenced by the unexpected advent of the beast, which redirects their thoughts and imparts a "sweet sensation of joy" to their quite ordinary, provincial lives. The poem is launched by a protracted introduction during which the speaker indulges in descriptions of landscape and local color, deferring until the fifth stanza the substantive statement regarding what is happening to whom: "a bus journeys west." This initial postponement and the leisurely accumulation of apparently trivial but realistic detail contribute to the atmospheric build-up heralding the unique occurrence of the journey. That event will take place as late as the middle of the twenty-second stanza, in the last third of the text. It is only in retrospect that one realizes the full import of that happening, and it is only with the last line of the final stanza that the reader gains the necessary distance to grasp entirely the functional role of the earlier descriptive parts. Now the reader will be ready to tackle the poem again in order to notice and drink in its subtle nuances. Bishop's artistry will lie plain, particularly her capacity to impart life to a rather unnerving redundancy of objects and to project a lofty poetic vision from a humble, prosaic incident. Forms and Devices Description and narrative are the chief modes of this poem. Nevertheless, at critical moments the actual utterance of the anonymous characters is invited in ("Yes, sir,/ all the way to Boston"). The binder of these varied procedures is the speak... ...such a dialogue by mocking the hooting of owls. To his delight, the birds responded in kind. In between the mystic silences, nature"'"s deeper secret motions flooded the boy's heart and soul. For the British Romantic, such a communion with nature could still be available to a few elected spirits whose purity and innocence had already marked them for intense experiences and an early death. Hollander also noted a connection between Robert Frost's poem "The Most of It" and "The Moose." Frost had his male protagonist proudly call out to nature for something more than the "copy speech" that the Winander Boy had elicited from his owls. His wish for "counter-love, original response" was finally granted by the sheer chance appearance of a powerful buck that, lordlike, tore his way through tarn and wilderness without bothering at all to acknowledge the presence of the human intruder. By contrast, Bishop's female moose has the curiosity to approach the trespassing bus in order to look it over and assess it in her mute, nonaggressive way. Finally, it is the bus that, pressed for time, leaves the spot—her territory—while the moose remains on the moonlit macadam road without budging.